2011 - 2012	SENATE INDEX Room 110, STATE CAPITOL, 651.296.5560 MINNESOTA SENATE EIGHTY-SEVEN LEGISLATURE AUTHOR LIST	2011 - 2012
DeKruif Chief Author List Thursday, December 13, 2012 SF 201 DeKruif; Thompson; Magnus; Gimse; Koch HF 68 Garofalo Revisor No.: 11-0445 Topic: Crimes and Criminals Short Description: Criminal vehicular operation law gross negligence definition DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/02/2011 158 Introduction and first reading  02/02/2011 Referred to Judiciary and Public Safety 03/23/2012 5049a Comm report: To pass as amended  03/23/2012 5141 Second reading  03/28/2012 5253 Special Order  03/28/2012 5253 Third reading Passed  SF 265 DeKruif; Benson; Nienow; Kruse; Gimse HF 391 Scott Revisor No.: 11-1251 Topic: Abortion Short Description: Abortion state-sponsored health programs funding limitation DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/07/2011 190 Introduction and first reading  02/07/2011 Referred to Health and Human Services SF 298 DeKruif; Pederson; Nelson; Ortman; Koch Revisor No.: 11-1521 Topic: Taxation-Property Short Description: Minnesota rural preserve property tax program modification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/10/2011 208 Introduction and first reading  02/10/2011 Referred to Taxes 02/21/2011 277 Authors added Ortman; Koch SF 371 DeKruif; Ortman; Miller; Benson; Bakk HF 758 Shimanski Revisor No.: 11-1176 Topic: Taxation-Sales and Use Short Description: Sales tax exemption expansion for purchases and sales to local government units DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/17/2011 263 Introduction and first reading  02/17/2011 Referred to Taxes See HF42, Art. 3, Sec. 8, 10 (vetoed) See HF20, Art. 3, Sec. 9-11 (First Special Session) SF 478 DeKruif; Parry; Sheran; Magnus; Harrington HF 1094 Shimanski Revisor No.: 11-1918 Topic: Disabilities and Access Short Description: Motorcycle license plates for physically disabled persons DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/28/2011 304 Introduction and first reading  02/28/2011 Referred to Transportation 03/10/2011 457 Comm report: To pass  03/10/2011 477 Second reading  03/21/2011 612 General Orders: To pass  03/24/2011 705 Calendar: Third reading Passed  05/21/2011 3037 Returned from House  Presentment date 05/23/11 3579 Governor's action Approval 05/24/11 3579 Secretary of State Chapter 60 05/24/11 Effective date 08/01/11 SF 510 DeKruif; Benson; Daley; Pederson; Gazelka HF 376 Anderson, P. Revisor No.: 11-1397 Topic: Education-Pre-Kindergarten-12 Short Description: College in the schools classes 9th and 10th grade pupils inclusion DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/28/2011 309 Introduction and first reading  02/28/2011 Referred to Education 03/21/2011 595 Comm report: To pass  03/21/2011 596 Second reading  03/21/2011 610 General Orders: Stricken and re-referred to Finance See HF934, Art. 2, Sec. 34-36 (vetoed) See HF26, Art. 2, Sec. 25-27 (First Special Session) SF 588 DeKruif; Gazelka HF 569 Howes Revisor No.: 11-1815 Topic: Labor, Employment, and Labor and Industry Department (DOLI) Short Description: Well contractor licensing requirements modifications DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/07/2011 422 Introduction and first reading  03/07/2011 Referred to Jobs and Economic Growth 04/14/2011 HF substituted in committee HF569 SF 634 DeKruif; Pederson; Kelash HF 1076 LeMieur Revisor No.: 11-0537 Topic: Labor, Employment, and Labor and Industry Department (DOLI) Short Description: Labor and industry department administrative, rulemaking, enforcement, and safety and health provisions modifications DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/07/2011 430 Introduction and first reading  03/07/2011 Referred to Jobs and Economic Growth See SF887, Art. 3, Sec.1-2, 7, 49-50 (vetoed) See SF2, Art. 3, Sec. 1-2, 7, 49-50 (First Special Session) SF 785 DeKruif; Pederson; Parry; Kruse; Lillie Revisor No.: 11-2544 Topic: Motor Vehicles-Registration, Licensing, and Taxation Short Description: Motor vehicle reregistration requirement to operate at excessive gross weights repeal; special permit fee surcharge imposition authority DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/14/2011 501 Introduction and first reading  03/14/2011 Referred to Transportation See HF2685, Art. 4, Sec. 12, 25, 26 SF 946 DeKruif; Bonoff; Torres Ray; Nienow; Daley HF 755 Erickson Revisor No.: 11-2104 Topic: Education and Education Department Short Description: School districts joint operation and innovative delivery of education pilot project establishment and appropriation DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/21/2011 603 Introduction and first reading  03/21/2011 Referred to Education 05/02/2011 1581a Comm report: To pass as amended  05/02/2011 1604 Second reading  05/12/2011 2003 General Orders: To pass  05/14/2011 2040 Calendar: Third reading Passed  04/20/2012 5965 Returned from House with amendment  04/20/2012 5965 Senate not concur, conference committee of 3 requested  04/23/2012 6101 Senate conferees DeKruif; Olson; Nienow 04/24/2012 6197 House conferees Erickson; Buesgens; Greiling 04/26/2012 6549c Conference committee report  04/26/2012 Senate adopted CC report and repassed bill  04/26/2012 6550 Third reading  04/27/2012 6607 House adopted SCC report and repassed bill  Presentment date 04/27/12 05/03/2012 6836 Governor's action Approval 05/01/12 05/07/2012 6997 Secretary of State Chapter 263 05/01/12 Effective date Sec. 1 05/02/12; Sec. 2 07/01/12 See HF1381, Art. 2, Sec. 47 (vetoed) SF 978 DeKruif; Senjem; Dibble HF 880 Vogel Revisor No.: 11-2052 Topic: Motor Vehicles-Carriers Short Description: Motor vehicle carriers special construction aggregate permits DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/21/2011 608 Introduction and first reading  03/21/2011 Referred to Transportation SF 985 DeKruif; Ortman HF 1495 Erickson Revisor No.: 11-2735 Topic: Taxation-Sales and Use Short Description: Rent-to-own and lease-to-own used motor vehicles sales tax collection timing clarification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/21/2011 609 Introduction and first reading  03/21/2011 Referred to Taxes See SF1972, Art. 2, Sec. 3 SF 1121 DeKruif; Dibble; Gimse; Parry HF 1310 Shimanski Revisor No.: 11-0331 Topic: Transportation and Transportation Department (DOT) Short Description: Overweight vehicle permits provisions modifications; commercial vehicle operation medical waiver provision modifications DATE D-PG ACTIONS 04/07/2011 1239 Introduction and first reading  04/07/2011 Referred to Transportation See HF2685,Art. 4, Sec. 27-28, 40 SF 1141 DeKruif; Lillie; Metzen HF 1462 Howes Revisor No.: 11-2661 Topic: Labor, Employment, and Labor and Industry Department (DOLI) Short Description: Residential construction written contract performance guidelines to subcontractors requirements DATE D-PG ACTIONS 04/11/2011 1262 Introduction and first reading  04/11/2011 Referred to Jobs and Economic Growth SF 1226 DeKruif; Magnus; Koch; Brown; Sheran HF 1505 Hackbarth Revisor No.: 11-2811 Topic: Motor Vehicles-Motorcycles, Snowmobiles, and ATVs Short Description: Start Seeing Motorcycles special license plates establishment and appropriation DATE D-PG ACTIONS 04/18/2011 1388 Introduction and first reading  04/18/2011 Referred to Transportation 02/09/2012 3775 Author added Brown 03/14/2012 4377a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance 03/14/2012 4415 Author added Sheran SF 1282 DeKruif Revisor No.: 11-2141 Topic: Courts Short Description: Koochiching and Rice counties mediation pilot program and appropriation DATE D-PG ACTIONS 04/26/2011 1406 Introduction and first reading  04/26/2011 Referred to Judiciary and Public Safety SF 1293 DeKruif HF 1537 Hosch Revisor No.: 11-3136 Topic: Traffic Regulations Short Description: Protective agents oversized loads escort right clarification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 04/26/2011 1408 Introduction and first reading  04/26/2011 Referred to Transportation 03/21/2012 4670 Chief author stricken Fischbach 03/21/2012 Chief author added DeKruif 03/23/2012 4919a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Judiciary and Public Safety SF 1456 DeKruif; Gimse; Lillie; Parry; Sparks Revisor No.: 11-3490 Topic: Transportation and Transportation Department (DOT) Short Description: Commercial vehicles and permits duties transfer from the commissioner of transportation to the commissioner of public safety DATE D-PG ACTIONS 05/21/2011 3046 Introduction and first reading  05/21/2011 Referred to Transportation SF 1539 DeKruif; Parry; Gimse; Gazelka; Magnus Revisor No.: 11-3184 Topic: Pipelines Short Description: Service lateral location identification requirement DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/26/2012 3642 Introduction and first reading  01/26/2012 Referred to Judiciary and Public Safety SF 1544 DeKruif; Nelson HF 2455 Gruenhagen Revisor No.: 12-4642 Topic: Government-Local Short Description: Counties, cities, towns land conveyance to congressionally chartered veterans service organizations for less than market value authorization DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/26/2012 3643 Introduction and first reading  01/26/2012 Referred to Local Government and Elections 02/23/2012 3879a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to State Government Innovation and Veterans 02/23/2012 3942 Author added Nelson 03/08/2012 4174a Comm report: To pass as amended  03/08/2012 4235 Second reading  03/13/2012 4362 HF substituted on General Orders HF2455 SF 1551 DeKruif; Daley; Lillie; Pederson; Benson HF 2548 McElfatrick Revisor No.: 12-4599 Topic: Occupations and Professions Short Description: Electrical inspections continued operation without biennial appropriation enactment DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/26/2012 3644 Introduction and first reading  01/26/2012 Referred to Jobs and Economic Growth 03/01/2012 4002a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance 03/08/2012 4224 Comm report: To pass  03/08/2012 4235 Second reading  03/12/2012 4323 Special Order  03/12/2012 4323 Third reading Passed  SF 1561 DeKruif; Parry; Lillie; Gazelka; Gimse HF 2950 Woodard Revisor No.: 12-4381 Topic: Transportation and Transportation Department (DOT) Short Description: Highway safety rest areas and public safety prorate unit contingent appropriations authorization DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/26/2012 3645 Introduction and first reading  01/26/2012 Referred to Transportation 03/08/2012 4124a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance SF 1578 DeKruif; Benson; Hoffman; Hall; Lillie HF 2639 Kiffmeyer Revisor No.: 12-4709 Topic: Constitutional Amendments Short Description: Constitutional amendment for voter photographic identification (photo ID) requirement DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/26/2012 3648 Introduction and first reading  01/26/2012 Referred to Local Government and Elections SF 1597 DeKruif; Daley; Parry; Gazelka; Miller HF 1821 Dettmer Revisor No.: 12-4335 Topic: Veterans and Veterans Affairs Department Short Description: Veteran-owned small business contracts bid preference county program authority; transportation department (DOT) highway construction projects small business contract bid preferences modifications for veteran-owned small businesses and small targeted group businesses DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/30/2012 3667 Introduction and first reading  01/30/2012 Referred to State Government Innovation and Veterans 02/13/2012 3785a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Transportation 03/23/2012 4918a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance 04/03/2012 5624 Comm report: To pass  04/03/2012 5629 Second reading  04/17/2012 5886a Special Order: Amended  04/17/2012 5888 Third reading Passed  04/26/2012 6504 Returned from House with amendment  04/26/2012 6505 Senate concurred and repassed bill  04/26/2012 6505 Third reading  Presentment date 04/26/12 04/30/2012 6763 Governor's action Approval 04/30/12 05/07/2012 6996 Secretary of State Chapter 254 04/30/12 Effective date Art. 1 05/01/12; Art. 2 07/01/12 SF 1610 DeKruif; Parry; Robling; Senjem; Gimse Revisor No.: 12-4717 Topic: Commissions Short Description: Racing commission annual contingency appropriation authorization DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/30/2012 3669 Introduction and first reading  01/30/2012 Referred to State Government Innovation and Veterans See SF1975, Sec. 1 SF 1622 DeKruif; Dahms; Parry; Koch HF 2612 Woodard Revisor No.: 12-4669 Topic: Taxation-Sales and Use Short Description: Public safety radio communication systems products and services sales tax exemption DATE D-PG ACTIONS 01/30/2012 3671 Introduction and first reading  01/30/2012 Referred to Taxes SF 1636 DeKruif; Ortman; Hall HF 2032 Myhra Revisor No.: 12-4752 Topic: Taxation-Sales and Use Short Description: Sales and use tax retail sale definition modification for rent-to-own and lease-to-own used vehicles; motor vehicle lease sales tax revenue use clarification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/02/2012 3699 Introduction and first reading  02/02/2012 Referred to Taxes 02/27/2012 3955 Comm report: To pass and re-referred to Transportation 03/22/2012 4677a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Taxes See HF2337, Art. 3, Sec. 9 (vetoed) See HF247, Art. 9, Sec. 3, 9 (vetoed) SF 1689 DeKruif; Daley; Parry; Reinert; Wiger HF 1416 Gruenhagen Revisor No.: 11-2964 Topic: Veterans and Veterans Affairs Department Short Description: Veterans waiver of immunity to sue state for Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) violations; veteran-owned small businesses set aside program modification; veterans reemployment rights protections extension DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/02/2012 3708 Introduction and first reading  02/02/2012 Referred to State Government Innovation and Veterans 02/09/2012 3775 Author added Wiger 02/13/2012 3782a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Jobs and Economic Growth 02/15/2012 3808a Comm report: To pass as amended  02/15/2012 Rule 21, referred to Rules and Administration 03/05/2012 4096 Comm report: Amend previous comm report Re-referred to Judiciary and Public Safety 03/08/2012 4225 Comm report: To pass  03/08/2012 4235 Second reading  03/29/2012 5291a Special Order: Amended  03/29/2012 5292 Third reading Passed  04/17/2012 5874 Returned from House  Presentment date 04/17/12 04/20/2012 5964 Governor's action Approval 04/18/12 04/20/2012 5965 Secretary of State Chapter 192 04/18/12 Effective date Sec. 1-6 04/19/12 SF 1698 DeKruif; Parry; Reinert; Wiger HF 518 Leidiger Revisor No.: 11-1449 Topic: Transportation and Transportation Department (DOT) Short Description: State aid road program rulemaking authority modification; over-dimension motor vehicle permit provisions modification; bridge inspection and signing account establishment; water permitting process for transportation projects requirement DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/02/2012 3709 Introduction and first reading  02/02/2012 Referred to Transportation 02/23/2012 3872a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to State Government Innovation and Veterans 03/01/2012 4080 Author added Reinert 03/05/2012 4096 Comm report: To pass and re-referred to Finance 03/05/2012 4114 Author added Wiger 04/03/2012 5624a Comm report: To pass as amended  04/03/2012 5629 Second reading  04/19/2012 5950 HF substituted on General Orders HF518 See HF2685, Art. 3, Sec. 6-9, 12, 35-37, 63 SF 1791 DeKruif; Rest; Gazelka; Sheran HF 2187 Vogel Revisor No.: 12-4514 Topic: Motor Vehicles-Registration, Licensing, and Taxation Short Description: Motor vehicle dealers issuance of registration plates and stickers and lien satisfaction provisions modification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/13/2012 3795 Introduction and first reading  02/13/2012 Referred to Transportation 03/01/2012 3997a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Judiciary and Public Safety 03/01/2012 4080 Author added Sheran 03/19/2012 4521 Comm report: To pass and re-referred to Finance 03/28/2012 5230a Comm report: To pass as amended  03/28/2012 5233 Second reading  03/30/2012 5423 HF substituted on General Orders HF2187 SF 1842 DeKruif; Lillie; Daley HF 1976 Leidiger Revisor No.: 12-4479 Topic: Government-State Short Description: E-Verify program usage requirement DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/15/2012 3815 Introduction and first reading  02/15/2012 Referred to State Government Innovation and Veterans 03/13/2012 4345a Comm report: To pass as amended  03/13/2012 4363 Second reading  04/04/2012 5639 HF substituted on General Orders HF1976 SF 1843 DeKruif; Carlson; Ingebrigtsen HF 2371 McNamara Revisor No.: 12-5014 Topic: Natural Resources and Natural Resources Department (DNR) Short Description: State park and recreation area appropriation and operation continuation when biennial appropriations have not been enacted DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/15/2012 3816 Introduction and first reading  02/15/2012 Referred to Environment and Natural Resources 02/23/2012 3915a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance 03/14/2012 4371 Comm report: To pass  03/14/2012 4409 Second reading  03/22/2012 4680 Special Order  03/22/2012 Laid on table  03/22/2012 4686 Taken from table  03/22/2012 4686 Third reading Passed  See SF1830, Art.1, Sec.13 SF 1844 DeKruif; Gerlach; Daley HF 2257 Bills Revisor No.: 12-5013 Topic: Natural Resources and Natural Resources Department (DNR) Short Description: Minnesota zoological garden continued operation upon biennial appropriation enactment failure DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/15/2012 3816 Introduction and first reading  02/15/2012 Referred to Environment and Natural Resources 02/23/2012 3914a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance 03/08/2012 4225 Comm report: To pass  03/08/2012 4235 Second reading  03/12/2012 4324 Special Order  03/12/2012 4324 Third reading Passed  See SF1830, Art.1, Sec. 16 SF 1847 DeKruif; Lillie; Dahms; Hoffman; Gimse HF 2436 Woodard Revisor No.: 12-4863 Topic: Taxation-Sales and Use Short Description: Sales tax elimination on purchases by counties DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/15/2012 3816 Introduction and first reading  02/15/2012 Referred to Taxes SF 1909 DeKruif; Senjem; Robling; Sparks; Wiger HF 2338 Garofalo Revisor No.: 12-5176 Topic: Gambling and Lottery Short Description: Racino establishment and revenue allocation DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/16/2012 3833 Introduction and first reading  02/16/2012 Referred to Education 03/22/2012 4796 Chief author stricken, shown as co-author Senjem 03/22/2012 Chief author added DeKruif SF 1975 DeKruif; Parry; Robling; Senjem; Gimse HF 2003 Woodard Revisor No.: 12-4596 Topic: Gambling and Lottery Short Description: Racing commission, gambling control board, and state lottery continuing operations upon government shutdown DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/20/2012 3857 Introduction and first reading  02/20/2012 Referred to State Government Innovation and Veterans 03/08/2012 4175a Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Finance 03/19/2012 4513 Comm report: To pass  03/19/2012 4548 Second reading  03/22/2012 4680 Special Order  03/22/2012 4686 Third reading Passed  SF 1983 DeKruif; Daley; Rest; Chamberlain; Ortman HF 2172 McElfatrick Revisor No.: 12-4920 Topic: Fire and Firefighters Short Description: Construction code fund transfer to the general fund elimination; fire safety premiums surcharge and fire safety account allocation modification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 02/20/2012 3858 Introduction and first reading  02/20/2012 Referred to Jobs and Economic Growth 03/13/2012 4368 Author added Daley 03/22/2012 4774 Comm report: To pass and re-referred to Finance 04/24/2012 6269a Comm report: To pass as amended  04/24/2012 6273 Second reading  04/27/2012 6612a Special Order: Amended  04/27/2012 6613 Third reading Passed  05/07/2012 7132 Returned from House with amendment  05/07/2012 7132 Senate concurred and repassed bill  05/07/2012 7132 Third reading  05/08/2012 7155 Authors added Rest; Chamberlain; Ortman Presentment date 05/07/12 7667 Governor's action Approval 05/10/12 7667 Secretary of State Chapter 289 05/10/12 Effective date Sec. 1, 3-4, 7-8 07/01/12; Sec. 2 07/01/13; Sec. 5-6 05/11/12 SF 2144 DeKruif; Sheran; Robling; Gazelka HF 2565 Gruenhagen Revisor No.: 12-5463 Topic: Water, Water Resources, and Waterways Short Description: Shorelands tree, branch, and log removal permit requirements exemption DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/01/2012 4069 Introduction and first reading  03/01/2012 Referred to Environment and Natural Resources 03/19/2012 4526 Comm report: To pass  03/19/2012 4548 Second reading  SF 2271 DeKruif; Daley; Gazelka HF 2494 Anderson, B. Revisor No.: 12-4059 Topic: Military and Military Affairs Department Short Description: Minnesota national guard military award issuance to nonmembers authorization DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/05/2012 4111 Introduction and first reading  03/05/2012 Referred to State Government Innovation and Veterans 03/13/2012 4329 Comm report: To pass  03/13/2012 4363 Second reading  03/13/2012 4368 Author added Gazelka 03/29/2012 5293 Special Order  03/29/2012 5293 Third reading Passed  04/18/2012 5912 Returned from House  Presentment date 04/18/12 04/23/2012 5998 Governor's action Approval 04/20/12 04/23/2012 5998 Secretary of State Chapter 202 04/20/12 Effective date 08/01/12 SF 2272 DeKruif; Pederson HF 2636 Woodard Revisor No.: 12-5542 Topic: Taxation Short Description: Accelerated payments of monthly sales tax liability elimination DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/05/2012 4111 Introduction and first reading  03/05/2012 Referred to Taxes See HF2337, Art. 3, Sec. 1, 15 (vetoed) See See HF247, Sec. 1, 17 (vetoed) SF 2308 DeKruif HF 2315 Beard Revisor No.: 12-4913 Topic: Motor Vehicles-Registration, Licensing, and Taxation Short Description: Electric vehicle registration tax increase DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/08/2012 4239 Introduction and first reading  03/08/2012 Referred to Transportation SF 2388 DeKruif; Newman; Thompson HF 2789 McDonald Revisor No.: 12-5728 Topic: Chemical Dependency Short Description: Drug paraphernalia and methamphetamine paraphernalia definitions modifications DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/12/2012 4316 Introduction and first reading  03/12/2012 Referred to Judiciary and Public Safety See HF2789 SF 2426 DeKruif; Gimse HF 2793 Shimanski Revisor No.: 12-5712 Topic: Traffic Regulations Short Description: Combination vehicles transporting property or equipment authorization DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/13/2012 4367 Introduction and first reading  03/13/2012 Referred to Transportation 03/22/2012 4678 Comm report: To pass  03/22/2012 4678 Second reading  03/28/2012 5232 HF substituted on General Orders HF2793 SF 2435 DeKruif; Chamberlain Revisor No.: 12-5768 Topic: Elections Short Description: Same day voter registration and challenged voters process modifications; provisional ballots procedure establishment; canvassing deadlines modifications DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/14/2012 4410 Introduction and first reading  03/14/2012 Referred to Local Government and Elections SF 2499 DeKruif Revisor No.: 12-5862 Topic: Transportation and Transportation Department (DOT) Short Description: Civilian escort drivers and licensed protective agents authority to escort oversized loads clarification DATE D-PG ACTIONS 03/19/2012 4550 Introduction and first reading  03/19/2012 Referred to Transportation See HF2685, Art. 3, Sec. 52-53